The Definition of DNA - 916 Words

DNA: DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria .The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four nitrogen bases which are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). these nitrogen bases are bind with each other through hydrogen bond. [1] History of DNA research dna structure dna replication Before a cell can divide, it must duplicate all its DNA. In eukaryotes, this occurs during S phase of the cell cycle. The Biochemical Reactions * DNA†¦show more content†¦Identification * DNA is often referred to as a double helix because of its appearance. DNA is made of two long strands called nucleotides that run in opposite directions from one another. Nucleotides are made of sugars and phosphate groups that are joined together by ester bonds. Attached to each of the sugars is a molecule called a base. Four different types of bases encode the information that is used for cell replication. Evolution * As organisms evolve, DNA sequences change to produce new qualities and weed out qualities that are no longer needed. Sometimes this happens because of a process of natural selection. Qualities that help people survive certain diseases and conditions continue to be passed on to offspring; less desirable qualities are slowly removed from the population. These DNA evolutions help species to survive and reproduce despite changing conditions.[8] Disease Diagnosis and Treatment One important area of DNA research is that of genetics and medical research. Due to our discovery of DNA, our ability to actually diagnose diseases early on has been vastly improved. In addition, we have been able to better assess a persons genetic susceptibility to specific diseases. In doing so, we have also paved the pathway to formulate brand new drugs to treat these diseases. In fact, drugs can essentially be custom made to complement a persons personal biochemistry and genetic makeup. For those diseases that were previously consideredShow MoreRelatedThe Definition of DNA904 Words   |  4 PagesDNA: DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria .The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four nitrogen bases which are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). these nitrogen bases are bind withRead MoreTaking a Look at DNA Supercoiling684 Words   |  3 PagesDNA supercoiling is the over-winding or under-winding of a DNA strand. In general, most organisms’ DNA is negatively supercoiled. There are two types of supercoiling: positive and negative. Positive supercoiling means that the DNA strands are twisted in the right direction; whereas negative supercoiling means that the DNA strands are twisted in the left direction. The laws of Physics govern everything that happens in the w orld, including DNA coiling in living beings. Some of the concepts in PhysicsRead MoreWhat Is A Gene?1446 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is a gene? The word Gene derives from the Greek â€Å"genesis† (birth) or â€Å"genos† (origin) and was first coined by Wilhelm Johannsen in 1909. At that time, little or nothing was known about the existence of DNA, and the word gene was used to describe the Mendelian concept of a phenotypical trait that is transmitted through inheritance (Johansen, 1909). The gene as the fundamental unit of heredity is the original meaning of the word as first geneticists intended it. This essentially explains theRead MoreHuman Body Systems Career Journal974 Words   |  4 PagesJournal 2015-2016 Entry #1 Activity: 1.2.3 Bone Detectives Description: Forensic Anthropologists helps to study the skeletal systems of people to determine the sex, ethnicity, and distinct characteristics of the dead skeleton they are studying. Definition for Forensic Anthropologist: As a Forensic Anthropologist you will be working with and investigating disease people. You will study the entire body as well as the skeletal structure and be able to get specifics as to who the body you are investigatingRead MoreBackground Explanation Of Epigenetics By Conrad Waddington883 Words   |  4 PagesDNA than the their less depressed counterparts (Reiche, Vargas Nunes, Kaminami Morimoto, 2004). Background Explanation of Epigenetics Epigenetics What is epigenetics? Epigenetics is a term that was coined by Conrad Waddington that describes the heritable changes in the cellular phenotypes that are observed independently of alterations that occurs in the DNA sequence (Dawson Kouzarides, 2012). He proposed that there was a link between development and genetics, which is where the field of epigeneticsRead MoreEssay about DNA, The New Crime Investigator1358 Words   |  6 PagesDNA, The New Crime Investigator Abstract What is DNA? The scientific definition is â€Å"deoxyribonucleic acid, the biological polymer that stores the genetic information in all free living organisms. Two linear molecules entwine to form the double helix. Now that the definition has been stated, let’s now define what DNA means to a crime scene or case investigator. In the law enforcement business DNA has been introduce as a revolutionary and efficient accurate tool to solve and crack modern andRead MoreDna Testing And The Second Amendment1276 Words   |  6 PagesDNA AS EVIDENCE DNA testing was first used in criminal prosecutions in 1985 and is now admissible in all states. (Hails, 184) Scientific and legal communities seem to universally accept the use of DNA as â€Å"good† evidence. Questions could arise regarding testing procedures. There are several testing methods that have been proven reliable and easily pass general acceptance and scientific validity tests. This is causes number of Daubert cases questioning DNA to decline. â€Å"In most cases, the tests thatRead MoreThe Deep Oceanic Trenches Near Thermal Vents1049 Words   |  5 Pagesoperational definitions as test parameters. Our results have implications for the continued study of deep sea organisms. Such study will provide insight into important questions about, for example, how certain organic compounds and metabolism function in deep sea organisms. ork such as this will advance understanding of nature and other factors controlling the biogeography and biodiversity of the ecosystems. Methods and Materials (see flow chart for better understanding): Operational Definitions: Alive-Read MoreBiology Case Study1131 Words   |  5 PagesYou need to sequence the inserted fragment to ensure it does not have any mutations using Sanger sequencing technique. - Primer binding site.(used to as a start point for DNA sequencing of the plasmid) - Region of interest(Where the polymerase extend the primer). - F1 origin of replication (to make single strand DNA) c) You have a large amount of the plasmid with the cDNA fragment encoding your protein of interest in it. You need to prepare mRNA encoding your protein of interest usingRead More The Benefits of Cloning Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesmore recent then many think. Cloning can be (better) understood by looking at it’s definition, process, and some examples. This first step to better understanding cloning is to hear precisely what it is. Cloning can be defined as an organism or group of organisms derived from another organism by an asexual reproductive process. Usually members of a clone are identical in genes (Clarke, 1). Even though the definition is relatively simple, it will be several years before these projects will be technically

Minimum Wage Workers The Challenges They Face - 2605 Words

Lexie Shah, Max Gates, Claire Dorfman, and Samantha Hansen SOCI 360 Executive Summary Minimum Wage Workers: The Challenges They Face Introduction There are countless articles that exist regarding the minimum wage workers, so coming up with data and information about them was not the difficult part. It was the narrowing down of the information that was hard. Our research questions was as follows: what are the challenges that minimum wage workers face in getting by and trying to improve their circumstances? In brainstorming, we decided to begin by thinking about all of the challenges that minimum wage workers in trying to make ends meet. After thinking out loud for a while, we realized that we had come up with an extensive list of obstacles that most minimum wage workers probably face. This extensive list was far too long to report on, however, so we narrowed it down to four categories: 1. the lack of federal benefits and the cost of health care, 2. the need for more hours to make ends meet, 3. the balancing of life outside of work including school and children, if applicable, and 4. the issue of the lack of education and educa tional opportunities. Each of these categories of challenges contribute and mesh together within the cycle of poverty, which will be discussed later on. First, however, we must define the demographic of the minimum wage workers. {possible intro changes?:Minimum wage workers face many economic and social challenges that stem from trying to surviveShow MoreRelatedThe Minimum Wage Policy During The United States1714 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom workers, organizations, and lawmakers to increase the federal minimum wage. Headlines throughout the country highlight recent minimum wage policy changes in major cities such as Los Angeles and Seattle. Last month, Governor Andrew Cuomo of New York announced an approved minimum wage increase to $15 an hour for all fast food workers in the state (McGeehan). Even the website for the White House has a separate page, â€Å"Raise the Wage,† advocating for Congress to increase the federal minimum wageRead MoreIndia Is A Republic Dominion Of South Asia1551 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerned, 82% is the unorganized workforce and about 18 per cent is the organized segment. Out of the total workforce of the country, merely about 12 to 15 per cent of the total workforce in the co untry is estimated to be falling in the category of wage or salary employment. As per the Economic Survey, Government of India 2002-03, such employees comprise about 40 per cent of the workforce in the urban areas and 6 per cent of the workforce in the rural areas. As per the Government of India report ofRead MoreThe Challenges of Implement a Minimum Wages Policy1077 Words   |  5 PagesCreating a so called â€Å"culture of compliance† among employers (Skidmore 1999: 435) is a low-cost strategy for facilitating the self-enforcement of minimum wage. This strategy implies the construction of persuasive arguments in favor of the minimum wage and the appeal to common values and beliefs such as, for instance, the principle of â€Å"fair pay – fair play†. Here, two main strategies for building commitment among employers can be identified. First, persuasive processes at the interpersonal levelRead MoreNickel and Dimed: the Downtrodden and the Ignored875 Words   |  3 PagesWaiters, taxi drivers, maids, and cooks are all examples of people who likely make minimum wage or close to it. Much like with the untouchables of Hinduism, people deal with these workers daily and often do not give a second thought at how their lifestyles are. This pervasive disregard for the lower class has led to many people not knowing the seemingly insurmountable difficulties many members of the lower class face daily. Barbara Ehrenreich’s Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America seeksRead More Do Minimum Wage Laws Increase Unemployment? Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent minimum wage, as set by federal law, is less than $15 per hour. Is this enough for any person to provide for themselves and their family? Laborers earning the minimu m wage dont seem to think so and are wanting an increase in the required minimum wage so they will be paid more by their employers. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported in 2015 that 3.6 million workers earned below or at the minimum wage (Minimum Wage Workers). At first it sounds wonderful for minimum wage workers to earnRead MoreThe Issue Of Pay And Cost Of Living838 Words   |  4 Pagesand have the ability to make a wage that allows them to maintain a comfortable life. Issues such as working poor, decreasing working hours and minimum wage have become important issues in the US economy. We will examine the case study of Ikea and the evolution of wages that are being championed by companies and the red tape seen within the government. †¢ What are some risks and challenges IKEA is likely to face as a result of basing its minimum pay on the living wage formula, rather than just legalRead MoreWhy we should raise the minimum wage1202 Words   |  5 Pagesthe majority of Americans. Many Americans who have worked on minimum wages are struggling to live on a salary that is below the poverty threshold. In 2012, the U.S census posted that in a family of three; their income is 18,552, (U.S Census). In most case, one member of the family is working on a minimum wage salary which is below 18,552, (U.S. Dept. of Labor). It has been almost a five years since congress has raised the minimum wage (Huff Post). Throughout my argument, I will share my thoughtsRead MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wage From A Microeconomic Perspective1640 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Minimum Wage from a Microeconomic Perspective Nathaniel Fishburne Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Introduction The first minimum wage law was implemented in New Zealand and Australia in the late 1900s. In 1940s, George J. Stigler founded the first standard model of minimum wage. The model predicts that the if â€Å"minimum wage system is set above equilibrium wage level, it would create unemployment because some previously employed workers will lose their jobs whileRead MoreWar on Wages1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthe dilemma of service employees earning minimum wage in the United States, â€Å"Even with the tax relief we’ve put in place, a family with two kids that earns the minimum wage still lives below the poverty line†¦that’s wrong† (qtd in State of the Union Address 2013). The debate over whether or not the minimum wage should be raised has carried on for years between Democrats and Republicans. While many Republican politicians feel that an increase in minimum wage would be devastating to the economy in termsRead MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wage From A Microecon omic Perspective1670 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects Of Minimum Wage From A Microeconomic Perspective Nathaniel Fishburne Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Introduction The first minimum wage law was implemented in New Zealand and Australia in the late 1900s. In 1940s, George J. Stigler founded the first standard model of minimum wage. The model predicts that the minimum wage system. It set above equilibrium wage level, would create unemployment because some previously employed labors lose their jobs while some find it

Sports Utility Vehicles free essay sample

There has been an addition in the trendiness and consumer popularity of the Sport Utility Vehicle ( SUV ) in the last few old ages, but there is no uncertainty in my head that these vehicles are a danger on and off route. Not merely are these vehicles get downing to overmaster and outnumber autos on roadways and main roads, they are get downing to outnumber them in accidents and ditches every bit good. Chrysler, Ford, Dodge, even Toyota and Honda are get downing to pitch their makers and interior decorators into new and popular lines of SUV # 8217 ; s. If you are in forepart of one of these immense and awkward looking animals in one of today # 8217 ; s compact autos, their looming and powerful menace can look formidable # 8211 ; why don # 8217 ; t they merely base on balls by already? ; if you are behind one of them, good fortune in seeing anything in forepart of around you. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Utility Vehicles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What happened to the good old trustworthy household station waggon?In August of 1989, Elizabeth Livingston drove her Isuzu Trooper II, a athleticss public-service corporation vehicle, off a route near Bozeman, Montana. She attempted to drive back onto the roadway but unluckily her SUV rolled and she was thrown from the athletics public-service corporation vehicle, # 8220 ; enduring a break that rendered her paraplegic # 8221 ; . Elizabeth Livingston filed a liability suit against Isuzu and after the eight-day test, a jury awarded a 2.1 million dollar colony. During the test a assortment of grounds was used to turn out the likeliness of SUV # 8217 ; s to turn over over # 8211 ; # 8220 ; videotapes picturing rollovers of other similar SUV # 8217 ; s, to computer-generated simulations of the existent accident, to maker # 8217 ; s advertizements showing the makers foreseability of the usage of SUV # 8217 ; s. # 8221 ; ( Builders: Be Upright and Fix SUV Rollovers )One idea that is invariably coming to my head is that even though the National Highway Safety and Traffic Association has stated that # 8220 ; SUV # 8217 ; s turn over twice every bit frequently as do autos # 8221 ; ( Poseur Sport nomination Page https://studymoose.com/sports-captain-nomination-speech-essay) , some makers of SUV # 8217 ; s are non paying adequate attending to this major job. Due to the high centre of gravitation on these vehicles, they are well more unstable than autos. Sports Utility Vehicles were originally designed to be driven off route and have the ability to turn over safely, nevertheless nowadays really few are being designed with axial rotation bars. # 8220 ; And to do affairs worse, few meet the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration roof safety criterions for cars [ every bit weak as those criterions are ] # 8221 ; ( Consumer Law Page ) . A rollover by and large occurs when the driver is forced to take immediate exigency action # 8220 ; after maneuvering in one way and so being forced to quickly rectify in the opposite way # 8221 ; ( Consumer Law Page ) . It would do sense that a vehicle with such a high centre of gravitation would hold a broad path breadth to antagonize it, SUV # 8217 ; s nevertheless by and large do non hold a broad path breadth, and a premier illustration is the RAV4. Consequently, SUV # 8217 ; s will turn over from rapid maneuvering or action, instead than # 8220 ; skid, spin and recover, # 8221 ; that is common in a vehicle with a broad path breadth.The U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration gives the SUV the undermentioned warning: # 8220 ; This vehicle will manage and steer otherwise from an ordinary rider auto in driving conditions which may happen on streets and main roads and off route. As with other vehicles of this type, if you make crisp bends or disconnected manoeuvres, the vehicle may turn over over or may travel out of control and crash. You should read the on-pavement and off-road driving tips in the owner’s manual and have on your place belts at all times† ( Consumer Law Page ) .Not merely do SUV # 8217 ; s turn over over more than autos do, they have inferior braking systems every bit good. When braking distances from 60 miles per hour to 0 miles per hour were compared in a figure of autos and SUV # 8217 ; s, it was found that autos will interrupt Oklahoman ( in less pess ) than SUV # 8217 ; s will:Porsche Boxster: 120 pessOldsmobile Intrigue: 131 pessDodge Caravan SE: 135 pessPontiac Conve yance: 141 pessIsuzu Rodeo: 148 pessFord Explorer: 150 pessChevrolet Blazer: 154 pessChevrolet Suburban: 155 pess ( Poseur Sport Utility Page ) .Personally, if I had to halt instantly for any ground, I would desire to be in a auto I could swear to halt Oklahoman instead than subsequently or excessively late. Not that I would wish a auto accident on anybody, but opportunities are that most of us will be in one or more at some point in our lives. When this accident happens, would you instead be in a vehicle that you know has been known to do high hurt to its riders or one that causes comparatively small hurt? Harmonizing to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, # 8220 ; In individual vehicle clangs, heavy vehicles with stiff frames ( most SUVs ) might really make more to harm the vehicle # 8217 ; s residents because there is small give, or energy soaking up technology, to disperse the force of running into an immoveable object. # 8221 ; Many SUV # 8217 ; s have what are called ladder frames, # 8220 ; which are non designed to absorb hit impacts # 8221 ; ( Poseur Sport Utility Page ) . One of the few ways that a Sports Utility Vehicle will come out in front in a hit is when they are much bigger than the other auto involved, working on the age old myth that # 8220 ; bigger is be tter # 8221 ; .Another point of contention I have with SUV # 8217 ; s are their monetary values and gas milage. For one of these oversized yet voguish monsters, you will pay anyplace from about 25000 to 100000 dollars. Why wage that much money for an SUV that does non hold good manoeuvrability, gas milage, velocity or safety when you can acquire a auto with a larger engine, first-class manoeuvrability and good safety criterions for the same or less money? A auto will acquire about 26 miles/gallon in metropolis drive ; the new Honda Insight gets an astonishing 90 miles/gallon in the metropolis. Sports Utility Vehicles on the other manus, merely acquire about 12 miles/gallon in the metropolis. From an economic point of view so, SUV # 8217 ; s are non deserving their monetary value.If your purpose when driving and/or buying a vehicle is to hold a trendy and popular vehicle, so a Sports Utility Vehicle is for you. However, if rollovers, safety, braking distance, cost, and fuel efficiency are concerns of yours, you might desire to look at other options before buying a popular SUV. When buying a vehicle, whether it is a auto or truck or SUV, wage close attending and research what you are acquiring yourself into. Mentions + Clifford, Robert A. , Clifford Law Offices. # 8220 ; Builders: Be Upright and Fix SUV Rollovers # 8221 ; . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cliffordlaw.com/media/articles/1273.html. July, 1998.+ Alexander, Richard. ( The Alexander Law Firm and Alexander, Hawes A ; Audet, LLP. Consumer Law Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.consumerlawpage.com/article/4by4-rollovers.shtml. Copyright 1994-1999. + Poseur Sport Utility Page. hypertext transfer protocol: //poseur.4 # 215 ; 4.org/ . 1997

Open data innovation fosters a culture of creativity

Open Data innovation has been on the radar of leaders in both the public and the private sector for the last five years.On January 20, 2009, Barack Obama was sworn in as the US President. On the next day, he issued the Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government, endorsing the opening of government data and committing to accountability. In the early months of his second term in office in 2013, Mr. Obama issued an executive order to make open and machine-readable the new default for government information.As one vital benefit of open government, making information resources easy to find, accessible, and usable can fuel entrepreneurship, innovation, and scientific discovery that improves Americans lives and contributes significantly to job creation, the executive order says.The open data policy movement has been gaining traction globally in recent years, with governments and cities opening more and more datasets and encouraging citizens to contribute with apps and innovations. Apart from the obvious benefits of public accountability and transparency, open data innovation fosters a culture of creativity and ingenuity. Watch our free webinar: Build Narratives, Connect Artifacts: Linked Open Data For Cultural Heritage and discover how you can get ahead with open data!The rise of data openness serves established companies to develop new products, define new markets, and change the way they compete. Furthermore, open data innovation allows bright entrepreneurial minds to create new products and services, generating value for the global economy.The Economic Value of Open Data InnovationA few months after President Obama’s executive order on open data, McKinsey Global Institute published an analysis, which estimated that open data innovation has the potential to unlock $3 trillion to $5 trillion in economic value annually across seven industries globally: education, transportation, consumer products, electricity, oil and gas, healthcare and consumer finance.Th e European Commission’s European Data Portal said in 2015 that it had estimated the cumulative value of open data innovation in the EU to be between 2016 and 2020 at 325 billion euros.All these estimates point to the huge, and oftentimes unlocked, value of open data for the global economy. The good news is that some early adopters among established organizations and a growing number of startups have embraced open data innovation. These enterprises are using open data not only as an additional resource for their data-driven analytics but are building new services on top of open data sets and opening data for others to use. Commercial Success: Linked Open Data Innovation at the BBCIn 2014, the BBC launched BBC Things to give anyone access to the data about concepts that the organization stores. This data, available in standard open data formats, is about the places, people and organizations that appear in the BBC programs and online content.The service uses Semantic Technology and Linked Data, which also power BBC s Linked Data Platform. The machine-readable formats of the data allow developers to create new applications or combine BBC’s data with other open data sources to create completely new datasets.Open Data for Creating Innovative Services and AppsThe rise of open data has been exciting and fascinating creative minds for some time now and many developers have started leveraging its potential in apps.The first innovative application of open data that comes to mind is in the area of transportation apps. Many big (and smart) cities have open transport data available and many residents and tou rists find such apps very useful.Citymapper offers transportation options in 34 cities worldwide, including New York, Paris, London, Sydney, Saint Petersburg and Mexico City. Citymapper uses open transport data with live and real-time routing updated every minute and combines the data with data from Google, Apple, OpenStreetMaps, Foursquare, Yelp, Uber, Hailo, Car2Go and Autolib.Announcing in January 2016 that it had raised new financing of $40 million, Citymapper said:We’re a utility that could be useful to anyone building anything.The company is developing APIs to enable developers and other businesses to use them for their own websites and applications. Apart from transportation apps based on open data, chances are that you’ve already benefited from the open data innovation in your music streaming service. Spotify, for example, relies on MusicBrainz  for information about artists, albums, etc. MusicBrainz is a free and open source service that collects music metadata and makes it available to the public.Then there’s UK’s Shoothill, which integrates open data from the Environment Agency with maps in order to show rivers at risk of flooding and creates flood alerts.Governments Encouraging Open Data InnovationAs more and more companies and startups derive social value out of open data innovation, the open data trend-setting governments and local authorities are not sitting idle. They are busy opening up data sets and actively encouraging everyone to innovate with open data.In July 2016, Virginia’s Governor Terry McAuliffe launched the Open Data, Open Jobs initiative. It provides an open data set of availab le jobs in Virginia so that entrepreneurs could use the data to create apps and programs. The initiative combines data from multiple publicly available sources of job postings into one machine-readable file.Australia’s New South Wales has its Innovation Initiative  to foster private, research and community efforts in order to make data more accessible and help develop smart applications for improved information and services. The Fire Near Me alert service, for example, is one of the results of New South Wales’s open data innovation policy. Open Data from Space for Earthlings’ Innovative MindsQuite naturally, innovation is one of the main driving forces at NASA. In its OpenNASA  website for open datasets and innovation contests, NASA is opening data, code and APIs. Their hope is to empower developers to use NASA resources, including imagery, in their efforts to solve various challenges.One of NASA’s winners in innovation is Cropp, an app to alert farmers about the status of their crops. The system uses 3D printed bottles with local sensors as well as satellite-obtained optical and radar images to study the development of any potential threats to crops. From the local bus schedule to space observation apps, open data creates and upgrades innovation at all levels of society. Click To TweetNow it’s up to governments to continue promoting data openness and to businesses to boost the use of open data, both as a resource and as a service.In Capgemini Consulting’s Digital Transformation Review published in October 2015, Open Data Institutes CEO  Gavin Starks said:Our key challenge is to make organizations realize that open data is core to their business, to innovation and not peripheral.The more organizations realize the social, entrepreneurial and economic value that open data creates, the more innovative services customers will get and the more money will be generated for the global economy.As Mr. Starks put it:If we start sharing our information, we will benefit too.